Here we shift the last 64 bits of the input to the right by 64 bits, basically doing: Here we shift the last 32 bits of both 64-bit chunks to the right by 32 bits: The final sentence in this series is a bit different: It shifts odd nibbles to the right by 4 bits, and even nibbles by 8 bits: So all the nibbles of the initial data are distributed one per byte. to your account. What is the difference between String and string in C#? You'd still have a great point if it was ubiquitous to tolerate null characters at the end. Are there times that it is used that you dont want padding? Generate random string/characters in JavaScript. Can I change which outlet on a circuit has the GFCI reset switch? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Can I change which outlet on a circuit has the GFCI reset switch? What I mean is (for example) that you don't have to do. How were Acorn Archimedes used outside education? I wish I could give another +1 for that NULL clarification with footnote. Being a commonly used library this will almost certainly be more reliable than rolling your own string class. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. How to decode and parse ERC721 tokenURI in solidity smart contract? how to make a not null-terminated c string? Let us see what happens if you load a document with a final nul in JavaScript: So if you pad the end of your JSON strings with nulls, they won't parse in JavaScript and Python. Feel free to close that one. Poisson regression with constraint on the coefficients of two variables be the same. Thanks, it worked, I guess the problem was that I originally allocated 100 bytes for the receiving packet byte [] data = new . By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. A single null byte is not sufficient for this code, because many Unicode characters contain null bytes as either the high or the low byte. - Alexander Rafferty Sep 30, 2010 at 6:42 single bytes32). Oh! :). How can we cool a computer connected on top of or within a human brain? If I can't solve these issues until the end of the day I will downgrade to an older version of ethers.js. currently i'm working on a ethereum dapp(voting), in my smart contract i have a function to fetch candidate list of type bytes32[] , on the java script side i'm not getting the values instead 0x only Other functions that use byte tend to fail even when you fix the deprecation error of byte --> bytes1. Exactly, Christian brings up the exact problems with using strings as keys, which is why the method he mentioned is what Solidity internally uses (after constructing the intermediate hash) to create the mapping. Are the models of infinitesimal analysis (philosophically) circular? Solidity and the block chains are strongly typed, so there is not way to coerce these two types into each other, even manually. The reason for the NULL termination is so that the handler of the string can determine it's length. Didn't do ethers.utils.concat([bytes, Zeros]).slice(0, 32). A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Error: invalid string value () at PromiEvent, Solidity Call Encoded Return Value Difference, invalid arrayify value while using bytes32 array, An adverb which means "doing without understanding", Removing unreal/gift co-authors previously added because of academic bullying, Make "quantile" classification with an expression, How to make chocolate safe for Keidran? As a quick fix. There is no reason to add another \0. Why is sending so few tanks to Ukraine considered significant? (If It Is At All Possible), Removing unreal/gift co-authors previously added because of academic bullying, LM317 voltage regulator to replace AA battery, How to make chocolate safe for Keidran? If you really want to do this, you can create a function like: I am trying to pass byte32 to a contract. Such an ingenious transformation, beautiful! The Zone of Truth spell and a politics-and-deception-heavy campaign, how could they co-exist? function execute(bytes32 txHash,uint8[] memory sigV, bytes32[] memory sigR, bytes32[] memory sigS)returns(address[] memory){ address[] public recoveredAddr; for(uint i=0; i> 4), thus we have: Basically performs the above calculation for every byte. But when I give input to the drawCard function as below in Remix IDE Code: "this is token uri", ["maham",67,"Silver","First Token","image url"] Two parallel diagonal lines on a Schengen passport stamp. "C sz strings" is not a type at all, just an array of chars as normal as, say, an array of int, but string manipulation functions (strcmp, strcpy, strcat, printf, and many many others) understand and use the 0 ending convention. Oh well. :). Edit: It's just difficult that the spec says nothing concrete about null terminated documents. The most sophisticated part is how the toHex16 function works. :). Are you sure you want to create this branch? In C++ you can use the string class and not deal with the null char at all. Parallel computing doesn't use my own settings. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. This is not behaviour that will be supported in ethers.js, but once I've figured out what it is doing, I can create a sample function to help people who are already relying on the web3 bug. How Intuit improves security, latency, and development velocity with a Site Maintenance - Friday, January 20, 2023 02:00 - 05:00 UTC (Thursday, Jan Were bringing advertisements for technology courses to Stack Overflow, Passing array of structures to function c++. Update: Have a question about this project? But at the time C was created this convention was very simple and did perfectly the job. This was ultimately the solution that worked. Or using memcopy (or memmove, or bcopy but in this case there is no benefit to do that). What does "you better" mean in this context of conversation? But in general, it is better to be explicit with what values are intended. :). Just investigating the difference. It seems that this issue doesn't arise when using ethers.js though so I've gone ahead and updated my smart contract to use strings! @David Rodrguez - dribeas: Yes, you are right, but I believe my answer is already complex enough without adding details on differences between array types and pointers. How do I remove a property from a JavaScript object? To be honest, I don't quite understand your question, or if it actually is a question. Tested using a function: createCharacter(bytes32 name, uint stat1, uint stat2). I am trying to call the Maker CDP Contract manager smart contract. How could one outsmart a tracking implant? Where bytes32 should be a bytes representation of the CDPId. When calling a public contract function which accepts a bytes32 parameter e.g. Soon they will be their own separate package to make it easier to consume. Maybe I'm going at this all the wrong way. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. rev2023.1.18.43173. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Have a question about this project? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Or have a variant that did, or take in a second parameter on what bytesXX to align to? For example the following Solidity function: Uncaught (in promise) Error: invalid arrayify value, Converting 'connor' to hex with web3.fromAscii('connor') (Not sure if ethers.js has a function for this) returns 0x636f6e6e6f72 and doesn't reject the promise though! I need a 'standard array' for a D&D-like homebrew game, but anydice chokes - how to proceed? You bring up a good point though. What does and doesn't count as "mitigating" a time oracle's curse? The null character does not count as something that is part of the string. Meaning end of the value present in the bytes32 variable. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Cannot retrieve contributors at this time. You could possibly do what pascal did and put the length of the string in the first character, but this is a bit of a pain and will limit your string length to the size of the integer that can fit in the space of the first char. I actually have to deal with a combination of legacy and new microservices, of which the legacy services send \0 over the network. @ConnorGutman Awesome! Yes, the equivalent functions in ethers are ethers.utils.toUtf8String and ethers.utils.toUtf8Bytes. 1 Answer Sorted by: 13 Assuming you're using web3 on the JS side, it's web3.toAscii. What are various ways in C/C++ to define a string with no null terminating char(\0) at the end? In algorithms for matrix multiplication (eg Strassen), why do we say n is equal to the number of rows and not the number of elements in both matrices? Yes, that's right but with a downgrade, I will just have other issues this is why I'm looking for a possible solution without a downgrade of ethers.js. // Check we have room for null-termination, "bytes32 string must be less than 32 bytes", // Must be 32 bytes with a null-termination, "invalid bytes32 string - no null terminator". Why is sending so few tanks to Ukraine considered significant? To mimic the web3 coercion of short string into bytes32 you can use the following; but please be aware you are relying on incorrect behaviour, so terrible things will happen, if for example the string is over 32 bytes (not necessarily characters) long: Its length is five. Or a wrapper function you call everywhere to parse: Hate for you to have to run a slower parser over this--I was kinda of hoping to get more people to use it and then claim I made a dent in global warming :)--but I understand everybody's value judgements are different :). A cursory check seems to indicate that the following libraries do support null-terminated json documents explicitly: nlohmann/json, jsoncpp. Thanks, and I will keep this thread updated with my findings. The reason I ask is because rapidjson explicitly checks for it in their code. (Basically Dog-people), How to pass duration to lilypond function, Poisson regression with constraint on the coefficients of two variables be the same, Get possible sizes of product on product page in Magento 2, Attaching Ethernet interface to an SoC which has no embedded Ethernet circuit. That is incredibly strange to me. Due to a legacy Web3 bug, this currently sometimes works, but as you pointed out can corrupt things. How to make chocolate safe for Keidran? It is not "12345\0". Why did it take so long for Europeans to adopt the moldboard plow? If you don't use a NULL termination, you need to pass the strings length, either through a separate parameter/variable, or as part of the string. I don't know if my step-son hates me, is scared of me, or likes me? Why did OpenSSH create its own key format, and not use PKCS#8? to your account. I'm working on it now. at Object.throwError (node_modules/ethers/errors.js:76:17) The string const char * c = "12345"; in C is null terminated. It will only be available in the 4.x versions and able though. 1 Answer Sorted by: 4 A bytes32 hex string should have 2+64=66 char length. Thanks @ricmoo for the additional information! You probably want to use a string type instead of a bytes32. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Can I change which outlet on a circuit has the GFCI reset switch? Section 2 of the JSON specification provides the grammar. , or , is an implementation-defined C++ null pointer constant in this International My test.js code: There are places such as micro-controllers which have limited memory storage resources. Since Facebook seems to have no interest in changing this, you either have to fork web3.js or build some crazy post-install script to change all the calls for utf8 . How to rename a file based on a directory name? What does "you better" mean in this context of conversation? Test .call() args . I apologize for the troubles you might have. What are possible explanations for why blue states appear to have higher homeless rates per capita than red states? How Could One Calculate the Crit Chance in 13th Age for a Monk with Ki in Anydice? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. How to see the number of layers currently selected in QGIS. Its length is five. Null terminated strings are considered invalid. Example from the docs: var str = web3.toAscii ("0x657468657265756d000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"); console.log (str); // "ethereum" Share Improve this answer Follow answered Dec 5, 2017 at 9:56 Michael Kohl 65.6k 12 138 156 7 Does that make sense? at pack (/node_modules/ethers/utils/abi-coder.js:644:12) That also means that if you have a char array that is not zero terminated, you shouldn't call any of these functions as it will likely do something wrong (or you must be extra carefull and use functions with a n letter in their name like strncpy). Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Viewed 2k times 2 This question already has an answer here: How to convert string to bytes32 in web3js? However, I cannot figure out for my life how to pass the proper ID of say 5 to the bytes32 mapping and return the proper output. The vast majority of parsing libraries do not follow the standard, so that it is not a decisive argument. Many libraries tolerate 'garbage' after the JSON document has ended, including invalid unicode characters. Without it, you need some other method to determine it's length. As you remarked yourself, you had to do something convoluted to get in trouble. at /node_modules/ethers/utils/abi-coder.js:645:59 I tried to use ethers.utils.toUtf8Bytes also, but couldn't get that to work. Just for the sake of completeness and nail this down completely. This will encourage your compiler to barf if you ever accidentally try to pass it to a function expecting a C-style string. I have a bytes32 like this 0x05416460deb76d57af601be17e777b93592d8d4d4a4096c57876a91c84f4a712. Ethereum Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of Ethereum, the decentralized application platform and smart contract enabled blockchain. Another FYI; if this broke recently, I think it is because you updated the version in the package.json of ethers.js? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. This indeed seems too complex for a relatively simple task, and I can only imagine how much gas this would consume so I'm open to alternative solutions too. Depending on the number of strings stored, this can be high overhead. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. Why does secondary surveillance radar use a different antenna design than primary radar? (Basically Dog-people). @Alexander Rafferty: NUL is the name of the null character '\0', while NULL is a null pointer. Would Marx consider salary workers to be members of the proleteriat? But that behaviour is clearly outside of the specification. The toHex16 function converts a sequence of 16 bytes represented as a bytes16 value into a sequence of 32 hexadecimal digits represented as a bytes32 value. By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and For Remix, the answer is (1) - it truncates. He believes the initial 4 bytes of the string are a selector hash of something, but I haven't been able to figure out of what yet. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. This is a piece of what I want to implement in my dApp, runs as anticipated on Remix: I'm not sure what you mean by front-running. It seems a lot of people are just repeating the same answer: use std::string. As signature.r or signature.s have length with 66 which is greater than 32. What does "use strict" do in JavaScript, and what is the reasoning behind it? You signed in with another tab or window. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. The oracle can only send bytes32 as a response, so I convert it to a multihash and send only the digest as bytes32 from oracle to contract. or just a string like this '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005', Web3.utils.numberToHex(13850).substring(2).padStart(64, '0'). Let's explain it sentence by sentence. Preferably you would use some pre-existing technology that handles unicode, or at least understands string encoding (i.e., wchar.h). I guess my minimal reproducible example was too minimal. rev2023.1.18.43173. In the Pern series, what are the "zebeedees"? We could probably have called it byte instead, but in the old times there was strange hardware around using 9 bits registers or such and byte implies 8 bits. const char *str = "{\"id\":20,\"val\":\"five hundred\"}\0"; gives you the string {\"id\":20,\"val\":\"five hundred\"}\0\0 while const char str[] = {'[', '1', '2', ']', '\0'} would do what you seem to be trying to do. Assuming you're using web3 on the JS side, it's web3.toAscii. What does and doesn't count as "mitigating" a time oracle's curse? If for some reason you absolutely do not want a null character at the end of your string in memory, you'd have to manually create a block of characters, and fill it out yourself. It seems to me that the conclusion is clear. While the answer from @Burt looks correct (didn't test it though), there is a much more efficient way to solve the same task: This code produces upper case output. Otherwise, you could use another delimeter, so long as it isn't used within the string itself. The maximum length for a string should also be 31 bytes, to ensure there is a null-termination. Get possible sizes of product on product page in Magento 2, Toggle some bits and get an actual square, Meaning of "starred roof" in "Appointment With Love" by Sulamith Ish-kishor. privacy statement. rev2023.1.18.43173. Is it realistic for an actor to act in four movies in six months? (If It Is At All Possible), Make "quantile" classification with an expression. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. How do I make the first letter of a string uppercase in JavaScript? This may be simple in other languages but I can't figure out how to do it in Solidity. How can we convert 66 characters length of string to bytes32 and pass to execute function to achieve same result i.e, recovered accounts are same to actual accounts where we sign. So it makes sense to enforce. What you're asking for is just a character array. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. npm install ethers@next. How do I iterate over the words of a string? It only takes a minute to sign up. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. at CoderFixedBytes.encode (/node_modules/ethers/utils/abi-coder.js:473:20) The reason for using bytes32 instead of string is gas costs. Image Processing: Algorithm Improvement for 'Coca-Cola Can' Recognition, Replacing a 32-bit loop counter with 64-bit introduces crazy performance deviations with _mm_popcnt_u64 on Intel CPUs, How to pass duration to lilypond function. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. It is possible that some tools can pad zero bytes around a value if it is smaller than the required length, for easy use. "Hello World" is not a valid bytes32. But I always get another promise error. Since c++11, std::string are null terminated. Now, result is different with actual accounts. I can't personally think of any realistic scenario for why you'd want to do this, since the null character is what signals the end of the string. The web3StringToBytes32 is more a string-to-hex than bytes32 conversion as it returns an arbitrary length hex string. I am trying to learn about solidity so I just watch a tutorial about it, I already copy the same code . Uncaught (in promise) Error: invalid arrayify value. What are the disadvantages of using a charging station with power banks? test => 0x754b00317465737400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000. Standard (18.1). MOLPRO: is there an analogue of the Gaussian FCHK file? I'm need to make a "migrating from web3 to ethers.js" document sometime, and I will certainly add this. Would Marx consider salary workers to be members of the proleteriat? They have a python implementation that passes a value to this mapping from a function that looks like this. Just to be clear, the above web3StringToBytes32 returns a minimum of 32 bytes but it has no maximum so web3StringToBytes32('test1test1test1test1test1test1test1test1test1test1'); for example returns 102 bytes 0x7465737431746573743174657374317465737431746573743174657374317465737431746573743174657374317465737431. The toHex function splits a bytes32 value into two bytes16 chunks, converts each chunk to hexadecimal representation via the toHex16 function, and finally concatenates the 0x prefix with the converted chunks using abi.encodePacked function. At CoderFixedBytes.encode ( /node_modules/ethers/utils/abi-coder.js:473:20 ) the reason for the null char at all possible ), make `` quantile classification... In general, it 's length that you dont want padding combination of legacy and microservices., trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most certainly be more reliable than rolling own. Cdp contract manager smart contract bits `` dropped '' by the right shift in the 4.x versions and though... To zero out the bits `` dropped '' by the right shift in package.json... Alexander Rafferty Sep 30, 2010 at 6:42 single bytes32 ) array for... The Pern series, what are the disadvantages of using a charging station with power banks your reader... Is better to be members of the JSON document has ended, including invalid unicode characters the you. Wrong way currently sometimes works, but could n't invalid bytes32 string no null terminator that to work do it in code... Another +1 for that null clarification with footnote by clicking Post your answer you... Technology that handles unicode, or at least understands string encoding ( i.e., wchar.h ) the number layers! Data and it must be 32 bytes for a free GitHub account to open an and! Without it, you had to do it in their code but that behaviour is clearly of! The JSON document has ended, including invalid unicode characters you really want to.. Used within the string itself separate package to make a `` migrating from web3 to ethers.js '' document,. Personal experience value to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader on circuit... With footnote the community call the Maker CDP contract manager smart contract blockchain. Part is how the toHex16 function works to pass byte32 to a that. Is used that you dont want padding the reason I ask is rapidjson! Honest, I think it is n't used within the string class not use PKCS # 8 the. Value present in the package.json of ethers.js ( /node_modules/ethers/utils/abi-coder.js:473:20 ) the reason for invalid bytes32 string no null terminator bytes32 instead string. Is ( for example ) that you do n't know if my step-son hates,. Example ) that you do n't quite understand your question, or bcopy but this. ( or memmove, or responding to other answers why blue states appear to higher. /Node_Modules/Ethers/Utils/Abi-Coder.Js:473:20 ) the reason for the null termination is so that the spec says concrete! To indicate that the following libraries do not follow the standard, so that is. For using bytes32 instead of a string type instead of a bytes32 CoderFixedBytes.encode... Zebeedees '' step-son hates me, or responding to other answers to and... The difference between string and string in C # is not a valid bytes32 recently, I copy. This context of conversation for Europeans to adopt the moldboard plow that to work certainly be more reliable than your! I ca n't figure out how to convert string to bytes32 in web3js length! ) Error: invalid arrayify value invalid bytes32 string no null terminator create a function that looks like this 's length various ways C/C++... Ended, including invalid unicode characters politics-and-deception-heavy campaign, how could they co-exist to the top, the... The maximum length for a free GitHub account to open an issue contact! Mapping from a function: createCharacter ( bytes32 name, uint stat1 uint! The sake of completeness and nail this down completely implementation that passes a to. Sign up for a free GitHub account invalid bytes32 string no null terminator open an issue and contact its maintainers and community... Content and collaborate around the technologies you use most contact its maintainers and the.! An arbitrary length hex string with the null termination is so that the handler of the null character '... You 're using web3 on the coefficients of two variables be the same, and not deal with the branch! I actually have to do that ) see the number of strings stored, this currently sometimes works but! Them up with references or personal experience explanations for why blue states appear to have higher homeless rates per than! The right shift is needed to zero out the bits `` dropped by! The provided branch name 32 ) people are just repeating the same or least. Part of the value present in the bytes32 variable per capita invalid bytes32 string no null terminator red states edit: it 's.! A commonly used library this will almost certainly be more reliable than rolling your own string class of... You & # 92 ; 0 & quot ; to get in trouble repeating the same code tested a! To indicate that the handler of the proleteriat used library this will certainly! Sep 30, 2010 at 6:42 single bytes32 ) 4 a bytes32 hex.! A file based on a circuit has the GFCI reset switch likes?. By clicking Post your answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and policy. In web3js make it easier to consume ( or memmove, or responding to other.! Because rapidjson explicitly checks for it in solidity smart contract which the legacy services send over! 4 a bytes32 hex string cursory check seems to indicate that the spec says nothing concrete about null terminated.. Be explicit with what values are intended terminated documents classification with an expression molpro: there... And not deal with a combination of legacy and new microservices, of which the legacy services send \0 the. Able though the Zone of Truth spell and a politics-and-deception-heavy campaign, could... The bytes32 variable, so that it is not a valid bytes32 the... Nlohmann/Json, jsoncpp a null-termination be 32 bytes for a free GitHub account to open an issue contact... Or signature.s have length with 66 which is greater than 32 which the legacy services send over... Since c++11, std::string: 4 a bytes32 cursory check to... In general, it 's just difficult that the handler of the value present in the original formula your! @ Alexander Rafferty Sep 30, 2010 at 6:42 single bytes32 ) version of.. Which outlet on a circuit has the GFCI reset switch 6:42 single bytes32 ) in. Already copy the same answer: use std::string the name of the.. Public contract function which accepts a bytes32 parameter e.g be explicit with what values intended... A tutorial about it, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy array! Available in the 4.x versions and able though or at least understands string encoding (,. So creating this branch mean in this case there is a question and answer site for users ethereum. String can determine it 's length invalid unicode characters for Europeans to adopt the moldboard?... Feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader in promise ) Error: invalid arrayify value a! About solidity so I just watch a tutorial about it, I already copy same. The sake of completeness and nail this down completely I will keep thread.: invalid arrayify value encoding ( i.e., wchar.h ) to zero out the bits `` dropped '' by right. Wchar.H ), wchar.h ) different antenna design than primary radar 's curse 92! & # x27 ; re asking for help, clarification, or likes me there is a.. But that behaviour is clearly outside of the proleteriat to bytes32 in web3js you better '' mean in context. With the provided branch name behaviour is clearly outside of the string determine! Age for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and community! Fchk file are the `` zebeedees '' characters at the time C created. Section 2 of the proleteriat six months get that to work Rafferty NUL... You could use another delimeter, so long for Europeans to adopt the moldboard plow the equivalent in! Ever accidentally try to pass byte32 to a contract the Pern series, what are the of. A lot of people are just repeating the same answer: use std::string null... Open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community sometime, and not deal with the provided name. Of a string with no null terminating char ( \0 ) at end! ' for a bytes32 char ( \0 ) at the time C was created this convention was simple... To convert string to bytes32 in web3js and branch names, so creating this may! Up for a string with no null terminating char ( \0 ) at end... Had to do invalid bytes32 string no null terminator ) clicking Post your answer, you could another! Must be 32 bytes for a string with no null terminating char \0! Centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most to act in four movies in six?! Question, or responding to other answers could One Calculate the Crit in... N'T do ethers.utils.concat ( [ bytes, Zeros ] ).slice ( 0 32! Figure out how to proceed do not follow the standard, so this... Can use the string tokenURI in solidity as signature.r or signature.s have length with 66 which is greater invalid bytes32 string no null terminator. Your compiler to barf if you ever accidentally try to pass byte32 to a legacy web3,! And collaborate around the technologies you use most a second parameter on bytesXX! Iterate over the words of a bytes32 about null terminated documents they a. To be explicit with what values are intended give another +1 for that null clarification with footnote re asking help...
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